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A comprehensive guide to JSON Web Tokens, how they work, and best practices for implementation.
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.
A JWT consists of three parts separated by dots: Header (contains the signing algorithm), Payload (contains the claims), and Signature (verifies the token hasn't been tampered with).
After a user logs in, the server creates a signed JWT. The client stores this token and sends it with every request. The server verifies the signature and extracts user information from the payload.
Always use HTTPS, set short expiration times, use strong signing algorithms like RS256, and never store sensitive data in the payload as it is only Base64 encoded, not encrypted.